Hisar district is one of the 23 districts of Haryana, India. Hisar city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an SDM. The district is also part of Hisar division. Hisar was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganisation, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created Jind district. In 1974, the Tehsils of Bhiwani and Loharu were transferred to Bhiwani district. Hisar was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was formed. Fatehabad district and Hansi district were later created as well.
Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Hisar division and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.
It is one of the five cities belonging to Indus Valley Civilisation while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilisation and in general knowledge books as the location of Banawali, one of five sheep farms. it is the second most populous of the 21 districts of Haryana, after Faridabad.
Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanised iron in India.
Geography
North Hisar district falls in doab between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central, and south-eastern Hisar district falls in doab between Dhrishadvati river and Yamuna river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the doabs near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile khadir and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of bangar, less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average. For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practised which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation), bagar (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab) nahri (canal-irrigated land), nali or naili (fertile prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the Saraswati channel depression in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains),https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee14grea/imperialgazettee14grea_djvu.txt "The imperial gazeteers of India, 1908"], British Raj, page 288.] and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the Rangoi canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas).1987, "Gazeteers of Hisar district, 1987" , Government of Haryana, page 162.]
Hisar has fertile alluvial soil interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in bagar region several with water table more than 100 feet below ground containing brackish water usually unfit for human consumption, where dust storms frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when monsoon arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the nali region where the season Ghaggar river flows in North Hisar. After the opening of Bhakra Nangal Dam canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier Western Yamuna Canal now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of Indira Gandhi Canal in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of Sutlej and Beas rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilising the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.E. Walter Coward, 1980, "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences", Cornell University press, page 302, .
Climate
Hisar has a warm climate.
History
The district suffered famine in 1783-84 (Chalisa famine), 1838, 1860-61, 1896-97 and 1899-1900.C.A.H. Townsend, Final report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910, Gazetteer of Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana, point 22, page 11.
Hisar district was conquered by the British in 1803. On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British, Hisar, Panipat, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.
On 1 November 1966, when Haryana was carved out of Punjab as a separate state, Hisar was already an existing district of the newly formed state of Haryana.
Demographics
the district had a population of 1,743,931, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of 640 districts. The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%. Hisar has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.2%. Scheduled Castes make up 23.44% of the population.
Castes and tribes The important social groups in the district are Jats, Bishnois, Brahmins, Sainis, Banias, Gujjars, Ahirs, Rajputs, Kumhars, Aroras, Chamars and Balmikis. Jat is the largest social group in the city. Bishnois have migrated from Rajasthan. There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., Gaur, Bias and Khandelwal. Most of the Aroras are migrant from West Punjab after the partition of the country in 1947. Banias are divided into Aggarwals, Oswals and Maheshwaris. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha. They hold Agroha in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan. The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to Rajasthan. Hisar is also the origin place of Agrawal Jain Community, with Hansi being an important Jain pilgrimage town.
Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 68.76% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 26.40% Hindi and 2.41% Punjabi as their first language.. Haryanvi is the most spoken language in the district.
Religion
Hisar is 98% Hindu, only about 40,000 are Muslims, rest are mostly Jain and Sikhs. Nearly all Muslims of Hisar left for Pakistan during Partition.
+ Religion in Hisar DistrictReligiousgroup2011 Hinduism 1,701,061 Islam 21,650 Sikhism 12,270 Christianity 1,945 Others 7,005 Total Population 1,743,931
+ Religious groups in Hisar district (British Punjab province era)Religiousgroup1881189119011911192119311941 Hinduism 514,948 548,896 544,799 541,720 548,351 583,429 652,842 Islam 206,806 199,010 202,009 218,600 215,943 253,784 285,208 Sikhism 31,446 22,151 28,642 38,508 45,615 55,169 60,731 Jainism 4,186 5,690 6,003 5,767 5,874 5,988 6,126 Christianity 72 242 253 273 1,024 1,107 1,292 Zoroastrianism 0 17 11 10 3 2 4 Buddhism 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Judaism 0 0 8 0 0 1 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 Total population 757,458 776,006 781,717 804,889 816,810 899,479 1,006,709 + Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1921)TehsilHinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism OthersTotal Hisar Tehsil 106,179 28,788 214 101 990 0 136,272 Hansi Tehsil 141,116 33,396 83 34 2,414 0 177,043 Bhiwani Tehsil 104,350 20,683 47 64 871 0 126,015 Fatehabad Tehsil 104,525 71,510 18,757 393 616 0 195,801 Sirsa Tehsil 92,181 61,566 26,514 432 983 3 181,679 + Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1941)TehsilHinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism OthersTotal Hisar Tehsil 157,058 64,499 15,712 572 1,992 24 239,857 Hansi Tehsil 175,761 45,551 165 56 2,836 1 224,370 Bhiwani Tehsil 127,740 29,554 533 169 587 4 158,587 Fatehabad Tehsil 94,122 67,556 7,664 18 124 7 169,491 Sirsa Tehsil 98,161 78,048 36,657 420 587 531 214,404
Administrative divisions
Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganisation in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and Loharu estate were later transferred to Bhiwani district on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was created entirely out of Hisar District. Fatehabad district has now been carved out of this district.
At present Hisar district consists of the eight tehsils of Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Hansi-1, Hansi-2, Narnaund and Uklanamandi, two Sub-Tehsils of Balsamand and Bass. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), Hansi HR 21 and Barwala HR 80.
Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of Border Security Force, 3rd battalion of Haryana Armed Police and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.
The district has seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of Hisar Lok Sabha constituency
Education
Universities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. A statue and memorial of Lala Lajpat Rai stands on the campus to commemorate this patriot. Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, founded in 1995, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.
Govt colleges Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar
Private colleges Dayanand college CRM JAT College Chhaju Ram Law College, Hisar Chhaju Ram College of Education, Hisar Fateh Chand College for Women (Lahore), Hisar Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha
Schools Hisar also has several renowned schools including Leading Angel Public School, Hisar (LAPS), Indus Public School, Hisar (IPS), Army Public School, Hisar (APS) and Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School.
Notable individuals Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh , Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the Lala Lajpat Rai (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1886), Arya Samaj (1886) and district bar council), Captain Abhimanyu Sindhu (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from Narnaund assembly constituency), late Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), Om Prakash Jindal (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife Savitri Jindal (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), Subhash Chandra (Chairman of Essel Group and Zee Network and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and CEO of Doctor Insta and Former CFO of Citi Holdings, Yash Tonk (Bollywood actor), Manish Joshi Bismil (theatre director), General V.K. Singh (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP), General Dalbir Singh Suhag (former Army Chief) and Israr Ahmed (Islamic scholar from Pakistan, born in Hisar before independence).
See also Hisar (city) Hisar division Hisar Urban Agglomeration Hisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency) Asigarh Fort at Hansi Kanwari Indus Valley Mound at Kanwari