The 1993 Pacific hurricane season included more than double the average number of major hurricanes – Category 3 or stronger cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale. This activity was the result of an El Niño event, which is the main factor contributing to above-average activity across the Pacific basin. The season featured 15 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 9 major hurricanes. While the number of named storms was near the long-term average, the number of hurricanes was above the average of 8, and the number of major hurricanes far exceeded the long-term average of 4. Seasonal activity began on May 17 and ended on November 8, within the confines of a traditional hurricane season which begins on May 15 in the East Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific. The season ends on November 30 in both basins. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form.
A majority of the season's storms formed from tropical waves between 10°N and southern coast of Mexico. While they generally followed the typical path away from Mexico before dissipating over cooler waters near 25°N, a persistent upper-level trough across the Western United States periodically curved storms into land. Tropical Storm Beatriz produced heavy rainfall and downed trees across Southern Mexico, causing 6 fatalities. In July, Hurricane Calvin struck Southwestern Mexico, prompting the evacuation of 42,000 residents, the displacement of 1,600 people, and 37 deaths. This area was later affected by Hurricane Jova in September, which flooded houses. Hurricanes Dora, Eugene, and Fernanda produced generally minor rainfall across the Hawaiian Islands, alleviating drought conditions. However, their large swells caused damage to beachfront homes and caused the death of a fisherman offshore. Hurricane Hilary produced heavy rainfall across portions of Mexico and California in August. The next month, Hurricane Lidia destroyed hundreds of homes, displaced over 10,000 people, and resulted in 7 deaths.
Storms
Hurricane Adrian
A low-pressure area and associated convection developed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone as early as June 9. Additionally, a tropical wave from Africa is estimated to have entered the East Pacific basin around this time. The combination of disturbances led to the formation of a tropical depression on June 11. Embedded within weak steering flow, the depression initially drifted towards the west and began to organize amid warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. Eighteen hours after formation, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Adrian. Turning towards the northwest, Adrian gradually strengthened to attain hurricane status by 12:00 UTC on June 15. The storm reached a peak intensity of early the next day. It veered toward the southeast, encountering stronger wind shear which began to take toll on the cyclone. The system became nearly stationary and dissipated at 1800 UTC on June 19 without any effects to land.
Tropical Storm Beatriz
On June 14, satellite imagery revealed an increase in thunderstorm activity to the south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, which may have been aided by the passage of a tropical wave. Moving little, a broad surface low developed with the cloud mass. Although the disturbance remained disorganized, a second tropical wave moved into the region on June 18, when the cloudiness there became better concentrated. A tropical depression formed at 06:00 UTC on June 18 while located approximately south-southeast of Huatulco, Oaxaca. Quickly strengthening, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Beatriz six hours later.
Moving generally towards the northwest, partially due to Tropical Storm Arlene's large circulation in the Gulf of Mexico, Beatriz reached a peak intensity of by 18:00 UTC on June 19. Shortly thereafter, the system made landfall near Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, and rapidly weakened to a tropical depression over the mountainous terrain of Mexico. Beatriz dissipated at 06:00 UTC on June 20, although the remnant cloudiness and associated convection from the storm spread across portions of the western Gulf of Mexico that same day. Beatriz caused extensive damage in southwest Mexico, especially from heavy rains and flooding. Accumulations generally varied between across Oaxaca, with higher totals of in Las Pilas and Salina Cruz, respectively. Six deaths were reported in the Mexican states of Morelos and Veracruz from flooding and downed trees attributed to Beatriz.
Tropical Depression Three-E
A large area of disturbed weather persisted south of Mexico for several days, perhaps enhanced by a westward-moving tropical wave that departed Africa on June 12. The disturbance organized into a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on June 27 while located about south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The newly designated cyclone moved generally toward the northwest, passing about offshore Mexico near Puerto Escondido on its closest approach. Although the depression developed a symmetrical area of convection on June 30, it soon passed over cooler ocean waters and began to become disheveled. The system dissipated a short distance north of La Paz, Baja California Sur, around 00:00 UTC on July 2.
The precursor disturbance to Three-E produced heavy rainfall along coastal sections of Mexico, peaking at in Santa María Jacatepec, Oaxaca. As the designated system paralleled Mexico, it contributed to multiple days of rainfall, including in Acapulco, Guerrero where fell between June 26–29. Satellite rainfall estimates exceeded on June 28. No deaths or damage were reported, but some 300 families were evacuated in an unspecified area of the country.
Hurricane Calvin
Hurricane Calvin was first identified as an area of disturbed weather south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on July 2. Following the development of banding features, the disturbance organized into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on July 2 while situated southeast of Acapulco. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Calvin twelve hours later. After initially tracking westward, Calvin turned north and attained hurricane status before reinstating a westward component. Situated just off the coast of Mexico, Calvin attained its peak intensity with winds of on July 7 but weakened slightly before moving onshore about west-northwest of Manzanillo, Colima, only the second July hurricane to make landfall on record at the time. The hurricane rapidly weakened and emerged back offshore in a much weakened state. Now a tropical depression, Calvin made its final landfall just south of La Paz before dissipating over cold waters in the region.
Following Calvin's closest approach, a weather station in Manzanillo recorded a wind gust of ; tropical storm-force winds were recorded in a few other locations. Several ships reported rough weather during Calvin's existence, with the Pacific Sandpiper reporting a maximum wave height of and winds of . In Acapulco, waves in excess of affected the city. In several states, heavy rainfall between was recorded, with a maximum accumulation of observed in Las Pilas. A state of emergency was declared in at least ten states in Mexico following Calvin's passage, and the Mexican Defense Department said that 42,063 people were evacuated in 11 states. Additionally, at least 1,600 people were left homeless. Rough seas near Lázaro Cárdenas caused all of sulfuric acid to leak aboard the previously beached cargo tanker, Betula. Calvin was responsible for $32 million in damage. It killed 37 people, of which most deaths were the result of heavy rainfall.
Hurricane Dora
A tropical wave departed Africa on June 27 and reached the East Pacific on June 9. It began to show signs of organization and developed into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on July 14. The system followed a west to west-northwest course for much of its duration under the influence of a subtropical ridge. It intensified into Tropical Storm Dora at 18:00 UTC and further strengthened into a hurricane 30 hours later. Dora intensified rapidly thereafter, with its winds increasing from to a peak of 130 mph (215 km/h) – equivalent to Category 4 intensity – during a 24-hour period ending at 18:00 UTC on July 16. After maintaining that strength for 18 hours, the cyclone encountered an upper-level trough to its west, which caused an abrupt uptick in wind shear while Dora simultaneously moved over colder waters. It gradually weakened and dissipated about east of the Hawaiian Islands at 00:00 UTC on July 21. The remnants of Dora interacted with a cold-core low near those islands, causing an outbreak of thunderstorms that alleviated ongoing drought conditions there.
Hurricane Eugene
Tropical Depression Six-E developed south-southwest of the Baja California Peninsula at 18:00 UTC on July 15. Its genesis may have been related to a tropical wave that departed Africa on June 30 and reached the vicinity of the cyclone that day. After banding features improved, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Eugene at 12:00 UTC on July 16. Eugene alternated on a west to northwest course for several days and gradually intensified, becoming a hurricane around 06:00 UTC on July 17 and a major hurricane by 00:00 UTC on July 18. The system peaked with winds of the next day, when it displayed a well-defined eye pattern on satellite. As the system peaked, it abruptly slowed and turned to the northwest under the influence of a cold-core low.
After peak intensity, Eugene began to weaken due to increasing wind shear and cooler ocean waters. It entered the Central Pacific on July 22 and continued to lose organization on satellite, making a later landfall on the southern side of the Big Island at 12:00 UTC on July 24 as a tropical depression. Across the Hawaiian Islands, the system produced beneficial rainfall and no major damage, though broken tree limbs and minor power outages were reported. A 45-year-old fisherman may have drowned when his boat was smashed in the storm's rough seas. Eugene continued rapidly westward past Hawaii and dissipated on July 25.
Hurricane Keoni
An area of disturbed weather developed into Tropical Depression One-C at 00:00 UTC on August 9. The depression remained steady state until 18:00 UTC on August 12, at which time it intensified into Tropical Storm Keoni. The cyclone moved west-northwest and continued to gain organization, becoming a hurricane around 18:00 UTC on August 14 and a major hurricane by 06:00 UTC on August 16. Six hours later, Keoni became a powerful Category 4 hurricane with winds of . It passed about south of Johnston Atoll on August 18, where 1,000 people had been evacuated in advance of the storm. On account of Keoni's small stature, the island only experienced gusts up to and rough surf along its southeastern shoreline. The hurricane continued west-northwest, and although it had weakened substantially, it crossed the International Date Line around 18:00 UTC on August 19, when it was reclassified as a typhoon. In the West Pacific, the system alternated between Category 1–3 intensity for a while. It executed clockwise loops along the northern fringes of Typhoon Vernon before losing its status as a tropical cyclone on August 28. The remnant circulation continued to persist north of Wake Island into early September.
Hurricane Fernanda