Vavilov (, feminine: Vavilova) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrey Petrovich Vavilov (b. 1961), Russian politician and businessman Elena Vavilova (born 1962), also known as Tracey Foley, Russian KGB sleeper agent Natalya Vavilova (born 1959), Russian actress Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), Russian geneticist Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov (1891–1951), Russian physicist Vladimir Sergeyevich Vavilov (born 1988), Russian footballer Vladimir Fyodorovich Vavilov (1925–1973), Russian guitarist and composer
See also "Vavilov" (Cosmos: Possible Worlds), an episode of Cosmos: Possible Worlds Vavilov (crater) Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov, a 2019 Supreme Court of Canada case