Pressure-induced hydration (PIH), also known as “super-hydration”, is a special case of pressure-induced insertion whereby water molecules are injected into the pores of microporous materials. In PIH, a microporous material is placed under pressure in the presence of water in the pressure-transmitting fluid of a diamond anvil cell.
Early physical characterizationMoroz et al., Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 42 113 (2001) and initial diffraction experimentsR. M. Hazen, Science, 219, 1065 (1983) in zeolites were followed by the first unequivocal structural characterization of PIH in the small-pore zeolite natrolite (Na16Al16Si24O80·16H2O), which in its fully super-hydrated form, Na16Al16Si24O80·32H2O, doublesY. Lee, J.A. Hriljac, T. Vogt, J. B. Parise, G. Artioli, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12732-12733 the amount of water it contains in its pores.
PIH has now been demonstrated in natrolites containing Li, K, Rb and Ag as monovalent cationsD. Seoung, Y. Lee, CC Kao, T. Vogt, Y. Lee, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 10876-10883Y. Lee, D. Seoung, Y-N Jang, T. Vogt, Y. Lee, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 5806-5811 as well as in large-pore zeolites,M. Colligan, P.M. Forster, A.K. Cheetham, Y. Lee, T. Vogt, J.A. Hriljac J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12015-12022 pyrochlores,P.W. Barnes, P.M. Woodward, Y. Lee, T. Vogt, J.A. Hriljac J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125 (15), pp 4572–4579 claysShujie You, Daniel Kunz, Matthias Stöter, Hussein Kalo, Bernd Putz, Josef Breu, Alexandr V. Talyzin. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013; 52 (14): 3891 and graphite oxide.Alexandr V. Talyzin, Vladimir L. Solozhenko, Oleksandr O. Kurakevych, Tams Szab, Imre Dekany, Alexandr Kurnosov, and Vladimir Dmitriev Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8268 –8271
Using the noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe as well as CO2 as pressure-transmitting fluids, researchers have prepared and structurally characterized the products of reversible, pressure-induced insertion of ArY. Lee, J.A. Hriljac, T. Vogt J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 6922-6927 (2010) Kr,Donghoon Seoung, Yongmoon Lee, Hyunchae Cynn, Changyong Park, Kwang-Yong Choi, Douglas A Blom, William J Evans, Chi-Chang Kao, Thomas Vogt, Yongjae Lee, Nature chemistry 6(9), 835-829 (2014) and CO2Y. Lee, D. Liu, D. Seoung, Z. Liu, CC Kao, T. Vogt J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133(6), 1674 - 1677 as well as the irreversible insertion of Xe and water.Yongjae Lee, Thomas Vogt, Joseph A. Hriljac, John B. Parise, Jonathan C. Hanson & Sun Jin Kim, Nature 420, 485-489 (2002)
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