The Ford Duratorq engine, commonly referred to as Duratorq, is the marketing name of a range of Ford diesel engines introduced in 2000. The larger capacity 5-cylinder units use the Power Stroke branding when installed in North American-market vehicles. The first design, codenamed "Puma" during its development, replaced the older Endura-D unit which had been around since 1984. Commercial versions of the Puma unit replaced Ford's older "2.5Di" type unit used in the Transit, and many other manufacturers' vehicles - most notably the London Taxi and in the Land Rover Defender. Other unrelated units in this range have been developed by Ford and PSA. The TDCi Duratorq engines are available in vehicles from Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Volvo and Mazda.
The new EcoBlue diesel engine range, originally codenamed "Panther" and planned to be available in 2.0- and 1.5-litre variants, progressively replaced the Duratorq engines from 2016. Engine reference NameParent FamilyDisplacementsYearFeaturesCommon ApplicationsHDi/TDCiDLD ("Tiger")2002–presentI4 Twin-scroll turbo in 1,6, Common Rail DIFord Fiesta Mk5, Ford Fiesta Mk6, Ford Fusion (Europe), Ford Focus Mk2, Ford Focus Mk3, Ford Mondeo Mk3, Ford Mondeo Mk5 Ford C-Max, Ford Figo, Ford Bantam, Ford Transit Connect, Ford Transit Courier, Ford C-MAX, Ford S-MAX, Ford Galaxy, Fiat Scudo, Mazda2, Mazda3, Mazda5, Mini Cooper D, Citroën C2, Citroën C3, Citroën Xsara, Citroën Xsara Picasso, Citroën C4, Citroën C4 Aircross, Citroën C4 Picasso, Citroën C5, Mitsubishi ASX, Peugeot 206, Peugeot 207, Peugeot 208, Peugeot 2008, Peugeot 307, Peugeot 308, Peugeot 3008, Peugeot 407, Peugeot 4008, Peugeot 508, Peugeot 5008, Volvo C30, Volvo S40, Volvo V50, Volvo V40, Citroën Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Citroën Jumpy, Peugeot Expert, Mini CooperTDCiEndura-DI ("Lynx")1998–presentI4 turbo intercooled SOHC 8-valveFord Focus Mk1, Ford Focus Mk2, Ford Mondeo Mk4, Ford C-MAX, Ford Galaxy, Ford S-MAX, Ford Transit ConnectTDCi 16vZSD ("Puma")2.5 L3.0 L1999–presentI4 turbo intercooled 16-valve DIFord Mondeo Mk3, Ford Transit, Ford Ranger (T6), Ford Everest, Jaguar X-TYPE, Land Rover Defender, LDV, London Taxi TX1, TXII, Citroën Jumper, Peugeot Boxer, Fiat DucatoHDi/TDCiPSA DW2004–presentI4 twin-scroll turbo intercooled DOHC 16-valve Ford Mondeo Mk4, Ford Mondeo Mk5, Ford Focus Mk2, Ford Focus Mk3, Ford C-Max, Ford S-Max, Ford Galaxy, Ford Kuga, Peugeot 307, Peugeot 308, Peugeot 3008, Peugeot 5008, Peugeot 407, Peugeot 607, Citroën C4, Citroën C4 Picasso, Citroën C5, Volvo C30, Volvo S40, Volvo V50, Volvo V70, Volvo S80HDi/TDCiPSA DW2005–presentI4 twin-turbo intercooled DOHC 16-valve Ford Mondeo Mk4, Ford S-Max, Ford Galaxy, Peugeot 407, Peugeot 4007, Peugeot 607, Citroën C5, Citroën C6, Citroën C-Crosser, Land Rover Freelander, Mitsubishi Outlander, Range Rover EvoqueTDCi"Puma"2006–presentI5 turbo intercooledFord Transit, Ford Ranger (T6), Ford Everest, Vivarail D-train, Troller T4.DT17/DT20AJ ("Lion") 2004–presentV6 turbo intercooled DIJaguar S-Type, Jaguar XF, Jaguar XJ, Land Rover Discovery, Peugeot/Citroën, Ford Territory, Ford Ranger ?AJ 2006–presentV8 turbo intercooled DI Range Rover
DLD
The inline-four engines are sold under the Duratorq TDCi name by Ford, and as the HDi by Citroën and Peugeot. These are part of the DLD family. Mazda also uses the DLD engine in the Mazda2 and the Mazda3, calling it the MZ-CD or CiTD. The Ford/PSA joint-venture for the production of the DLD was announced in September, 1998.
Officially, there are two families of engines in the range: The 1.4L is generally non-intercooled The 1.5L derived from the 1.6L The 1.6 L always intercooled
Ford later added their unrelated 1.8 L DLD-418 engine to the DLD family, though it is properly part of the Ford Endura engine family.
1.4 "Tiger" The Duratorq DLD-414 (or DV4) is a inline-four Turbo–Diesel. Output is at 4500 rpm and at 2000 rpm. This engine was developed in Trémery by Peugeot, as described in the joint-venture agreement with Ford. This engine is built in France, UK and India.
The DV4 is available in two versions: One, an 8-valve design, uses a BorgWarner KP35 turbocharger, but no intercooler. This is the same turbocharger as the Renault K9K Diesel. It is Euro III compliant, but received a diesel particulate filter in 2006 to make it Euro IV compliant. A second version uses a DOHC 16-valve design, with an intercooled variable-geometry turbocharger. This derivation will no longer be built from 2006, as it will not be able to comply with the Euro IV regulations. It also uses Delphi Automotive's DCR1400 common-rail injection system.
1.5 In 2012, Ford added the 1.5-litre, closely derived from the 1.6-litre engine.The new Ford B-MAX at ford.com Bore was reduced from 75 to 73.5 mm while the stroke remained unchanged 88.3 mm.
1.6 "Tiger" The DLD-416 (or DV6) is a version also used by Ford, Mazda, Volvo, Mini, Peugeot and Citroën. This particular engine was designed by Peugeot engineers on behalf of PSA and Ford.
1.8 "Lynx" The Duratorq DLD-418 is a intercooled common rail diesel engine. It is completely unrelated to the 1.4/1.6 units, and is a development of Ford's 1.8 8v Endura-D engine that saw service through the 1980s and 1990s. However, Ford considers it part of the DLD family, as evidenced by the official "DLD" name.
The Endura-D was heavily revised and updated with a variable-vane turbocharger and a Delphi high-pressure common rail injection system and relaunched in 2001 as the 'DuraTorq TDCi', with the original engine being rebadged 'DuraTorq TDDi'.
This engine, possibly known within Ford as "Kent Diesel", is the last evolution of the 997 cc petrol engine introduced in the 105E Anglia in 1959.
ZSD ("Puma") Name Year Displacement Maximum power Maximum torqueZSD-4202000–2001 (?x?) I4ZSD-420 (Duratorq TDCi)2001–2002 (?x?) I4 ZSD-420 (Duratorq TDDi)2002- (?x?) I4ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi) () I4ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I4ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I4ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I4ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I4ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I4ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi)? () I42.5 (WLC) (Duratorq TDCi)2006- () I4@[email protected] (WEC) (Duratorq TDCi)2006- () I4@[email protected] (Duratorq TDCi)2006– () I53.2 (Power Stroke)2014–2019 () I5
Codenamed Puma during development, these Ford 2.0 L, 2.2 L, and 2.4 L engines are called ZSD. They are produced at the company's Dagenham plant in east London.
Note: the 2.5 and 3.0L "W" engines in above table are NOT Puma engines. They are Mazda designed commercial Diesel engines with no commonality to Puma. The "W" engine family is used in the Asia Pacific Ranger and Everest models currently running out.
2.0
Released in 2000, to coincide with the launch of the Mk3 Ford Mondeo, the Duratorq ZSD-420 was initially available as a direct injection turbodiesel. Producing and it was a vast improvement over the 1.8 Endura-D powering the Mk2 Mondeo. It featured a 16-valve cylinder head with twin chain driven camshafts and utilised a variable-geometry turbocharger with overboost function.
In late 2001 the engine was fitted with Delphi common rail fuel injection and called the Duratorq TDCi (Turbo Diesel Commonrail injection), with the original unit being renamed the Duratorq TDDi (Turbo Diesel Direct injection). Although generally identical to the original engine, the addition of the common rail system meant power was increased to , with torque rising to . In 2002 the Duratorq TDDi was replaced by a detuned version of the Duratorq TDCi. Producing and , this unit used a fixed geometry turbocharger in place of the variable geometry unit used in the TDDi and TDCi.
With 2005 came another detuned version of the TDCi for the Mondeo. Producing and , this engine was substantially cheaper than other versions and was mainly targeted at fleet buyers.
Applications: Ford Transit 2.0 TDDi & TDCi 75, 85, 100 PS(TDDi) 125 (TDCi) (/) (/) (/) (/) 2000–2002 Ford Mondeo 2.0 TD & TDDi, and 2001–2007 Ford Mondeo 2.0 TDCi 130, and 2002–2007 Ford Mondeo 2.0 TDCi 115, and 2005–2007 Ford Mondeo 2.0 TDCi 90, and 2003–2009 Jaguar X-Type 2.0d, and DSWDD
2.2
In 2004, Ford introduced the Duratorq ZSD-422, a turbodiesel for top-of-the-range versions of the Mondeo and Jaguar X-Type which produced . This is unrelated to the PSA DW12 2.2 unit used in Peugeot and Citroën applications.
Applications: 2006-2016 Ford Transit 2004–2007 Ford Mondeo 2.2 TDCi 155, and 2004–2009 Jaguar X-Type 2011–2016 Land Rover Defender 2011–2021 Ford Ranger T6 & Mazda BT-50 2.2 TDCi / MZ-CD 2.2 & 2012– 2016 Ford Transit Custom 2015–2021 Ford Everest 2.2 TDCi 2007-2016 Peugeot Boxer/Citroën Relay
2.4 The Duratorq ZSD-424 is a turbocharged and intercooled Diesel. Output is to and to .
Applications: 2000-2011 Ford Transit 2002-2006 LDV Convoy 2002-2006 London Taxi TXII 2007-2011 Land Rover Defender
2.5 (Mazda WLC) Introduced for the Thailand-built 2007 Ford Ranger (J97U) is a 2.5 L diesel engine. It has a bore and a stroke of . The engine has no commonality to Ford's "Puma" engine or VM Motori. It is a development of the IDI Mazda 2.2L normally aspirated, later 2.5L NA and Turbo and later 2.9L NA, with Bosch common-rail direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger. The WLC engine code is a Mazda engine code, not being changed for use in the Mazda B-Series clone Ford Ranger. It produces at 3500 rpm and at 1800 rpm.ALL NEW FORD RANGER MAKES WORLD DEBUT IN THAILAND Ford press release, March 7, 2006
3.0 (Mazda WEC) A 3.0L Mazda W-engine similar to the 2.5 is also used in the 2007 Ranger as the top of the range. Displacement is increased with a wider bore of and longer stroke of . It produces at 3200 rpm and at 1800 rpm.
The W-engine family remains a Mazda engine and has no commonality to "Puma"
3.2 The 3.2 is an inline, 5-cylinder engine used in the Ford Transit, the Ford Ranger (2012–2022), Ford Everest (2015–2022), Mazda BT-50, Troller T4 and the Vivarail D-Train. For the North American-spec Transit, the 3.2L Duratorq is modified to meet American and Canadian emissions standards and is branded as a Power Stroke engine. The 3.2 Power Stroke is rated at and , and the DuratorqTDCi, available in Asia and Europe, has a power rating of at 3,000 rpm and a torque rating at between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm.
2005 TDCi (PSA DW Based)
Continuing the Ford/PSA diesel engine joint-venture, these straight-four engines are sold under the Duratorq TDCi name by Ford, and as the HDi by Citroën and Peugeot. A development of the existing DW10/DW12 engine, the new engines have a traditional belt-driven system, moving away from the chain-driven camshafts of the previous generation (Puma) TDCi engines. Both engines utilise common rail diesel technology and are the result of the fourth phase of the cooperation between PSA and Ford (initiated in 1998).
Both engines utilise all-new, third-generation common rail injection systems. The 2.0 engines utilising a system from Siemens and the 2.2 a system from Bosch. In both systems the injection pressure has been increased to . This higher injection pressure, associated with new piezo-electric injectors in which each nozzle is equipped with seven apertures (instead of five previously), allows the number of injections to be multiplied (potentially up to six per cycle) and ensures meticulous uniformity of the diesel injection spray pattern. As a result of this optimised air/diesel mix, combustion is more complete and more uniform, and therefore reduces emissions at source.
2.0 (PSA DW10 Based)
The engine was released to Ford models in 2005 Ford Focus, and followed in the 2007 Mk IV Mondeo. It features a 16-valve cylinder head with twin belt driven camshafts (exhaust camshaft connected to cambelt with inlet camshaft indirectly linked via a timing chain) and utilises a variable geometry turbocharger with overboost function. An intercooler is always present, as opposed to some applications of its predecessor.