Events Pre-1600 683 – The Battle of al-Harrah concludes, with Yazid I's army killing 11,000 people of the city of Medina. 1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most of Anatolia. 1278 – Ladislaus IV of Hungary and Rudolf I of Germany defeat Ottokar II of Bohemia in the Battle on the Marchfeld near Dürnkrut in (then) Moravia. 1303 – Chittorgarh falls to the Delhi Sultanate. 1346 – Hundred Years' War: At the Battle of Crécy, an English army easily defeats a French one twice its size. 1366 – The Byzantine Empire retakes Gallipoli with the help of the Savoyard Crusade. 1444 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs: A vastly outnumbered force of Swiss Confederates is defeated by the Dauphin Louis (future Louis XI of France) and his army of 'Armagnacs' near Basel. 1542 – A year and a half after leaving Guayaquil on the Pacific coast, Francisco de Orellana finishes his overland journey across South America and reaches the mouth of the Amazon River on the Atlantic coast.
1601–1900 1642 – Dutch–Portuguese War: Second Battle of San Salvador: The Dutch force the Spanish garrison at San Salvador (modern day Keelung, Taiwan) to surrender, ending the short-lived Spanish colony on Formosa and replacing it with a new Dutch administration. 1648 – The Fronde: First Fronde: In the wake of the successful Battle of Lens, Cardinal Mazarin, Chief Minister of France, suddenly orders the arrest of the leaders of the Parlement of Paris, provoking the rest of Paris to break into insurrection and barricade the streets the next day. 1748 – The first Lutheran denomination in North America, the Pennsylvania Ministerium, is founded in Philadelphia. 1767 – Jesuits all over Chile are arrested as the Spanish Empire suppresses the Society of Jesus. 1768 – Captain James Cook sets sail from England on board , starting his first voyage of discovery. 1778 – The first recorded ascent of Triglav, the highest mountain in Slovenia. 1789 – The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is approved by the National Constituent Assembly of France. 1791 – John Fitch is granted a United States patent for the steamboat. 1810 – The former viceroy Santiago de Liniers of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is executed after the defeat of his counter-revolution. 1813 – War of the Sixth Coalition: An impromptu battle takes place when French and Prussian-Russian forces accidentally run into each other near Liegnitz, Prussia (now Legnica, Poland). 1814 – Chilean War of Independence: Infighting between the rebel forces of José Miguel Carrera and Bernardo O'Higgins erupts in the Battle of Las Tres Acequias. 1833 – The great 1833 Kathmandu–Bihar earthquake causes major damage in Nepal, northern India and Tibet, killing a total of 500 people. 1849 – President Faustin Soulouque of the First Republic of Haiti has the Senate and Chamber of Deputies proclaim him the Emperor of Haiti, abolishing the Republic and inaugurating the Second Empire of Haiti. 1863 – The Swedish-language liberal newspaper Helsingfors Dagblad proposes the current blue-and-white cross flag as the flag of Finland.IL: Keltaristilippumme! Suomen lipuksi oli tyrkyllä monenlaisia yritelmiä – katso kuvat (in Finnish) 1883 – The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa begins its final, paroxysmal, stage.
1901–present 1914 – World War I: The German colony of Togoland surrenders to French and British forces after a 20-day campaign. Togoland is the first German colony to fall to Allied hands in World War I. 1914 – World War I: During the retreat from Mons, the British II Corps commanded by General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien fights a vigorous and successful defensive action at Le Cateau. 1920 – The 19th amendment to United States Constitution, giving women the right to vote, is certified. 1922 – Greco-Turkish War (1919–22): Turkish army launched what has come to be known to the Turks as the Great Offensive (Büyük Taarruz). The major Greek defense positions were overrun. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Santander falls to the Nationalists and the Republican Interprovincial Council is dissolved. 1940 – World War II: Chad becomes the first French colony to join the Allies under the administration of Félix Éboué, France's first black colonial governor. 1942 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: At Chortkiv, the Ukrainian police and German Schutzpolizei deport two thousand Jews to Bełżec extermination camp. Five hundred of the sick and children are murdered on the spot. This continued until the next day. 1944 – World War II: Charles de Gaulle enters Paris. 1966 – The South African Border War starts with the battle at Omugulugwombashe. 1969 – Aeroflot Flight 1770 crashes while landing at Vnukovo International Airport, killing 16. 1970 – The fiftieth anniversary of American women being able to vote is marked by a nationwide Women's Strike for Equality. 1972 – The Games of the XX Olympiad open in Munich, West Germany. 1977 – The Charter of the French Language is adopted by the National Assembly of Quebec. 1978 – Papal conclave: Albino Luciani is elected as Pope John Paul I. 1980 – After John Birges plants a bomb at Harvey's Resort Hotel in Stateline, Nevada, in the United States, the FBI inadvertently detonates the bomb during its disarming. 1981 – Aeropesca Flight 221 crashes in Colombia's Huila Department, killing all 50 people on board.UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary p. 16/81 1993 – Sakha Avia Flight 301 crashes on approach to Aldan Airport, killing all 24 aboard. 1997 – Beni Ali massacre occurs in Algeria, leaving 60 to 100 people dead. 1998 – The first flight of the Boeing Delta III ends in disaster 75 seconds after liftoff, resulting in the loss of the Galaxy X communications satellite. 1999 – Russia begins the Second Chechen War in response to the Invasion of Dagestan by the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade. 2003 – A Beechcraft 1900 operating as Colgan Air Flight 9446 crashes after taking off from Barnstable Municipal Airport in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, killing both pilots on board. 2009 – Kidnapping victim Jaycee Dugard is discovered alive in California after being missing for over 18 years. Her captors, Phillip and Nancy Garrido, are apprehended. 2011 – The Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Boeing's all-new composite airliner, receives certification from the EASA and the FAA. 2014 – The Jay Report into the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal is published. 2015 – Two U.S. journalists are shot and killed by a disgruntled former coworker while conducting a live report in Moneta, Virginia. 2018 – Three people are killed and eleven wounded during a mass shooting at a Madden NFL '19 video game tournament in Jacksonville, Florida.Jacksonville shooting: Three dead, including gunman, at Madden 19 tournament (Retrieved from NBC News on 06 July 2020) 2021 – During the 2021 Kabul airlift, a suicide bombing at Hamid Karzai International Airport kills 13 US military personnel and at least 169 Afghan civilians. 2023 – Exactly five years after the 2018 Jacksonville Landing shooting, there is another shooting in Jacksonville, Florida, leaving three people dead. 2026 – A series of large flash floods and debris flows along the Nepal–Tibet border and the Trishuli River, believed to have been caused by glacier collapse, stuck and destroyed numerous settlements, including the Gyirong checkpoint, and killed over 1,400 people, with over 5,800 reported missing.
Births
Pre-1600 1548 – Bernardino Poccetti, Italian painter (died 1612) 1582 – Humilis of Bisignano, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (died 1637) 1596 – Frederick V, Elector Palatine, Bohemian king (died 1632)
1601–1900 1676 – Robert Walpole, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1745) 1694 – Elisha Williams, English colonial minister, academic, and politician (died 1755) 1695 – Marie-Anne-Catherine Quinault, French singer-songwriter (died 1791) 1728 – Johann Heinrich Lambert, Swiss mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (died 1777) 1736 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French mineralogist and geologist (died 1790) 1740 – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor, invented the hot air balloon (died 1810) 1743 – Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist and biologist (died 1794) 1751 – Manuel Abad y Queipo, Spanish-born Mexican bishop (died 1825) 1775 – William Joseph Behr, German publicist and academic (died 1851) 1783 – Federigo Zuccari, astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (died 1817) 1792 – Manuel Oribe, Uruguayan soldier and politician, 4th President of Uruguay (died 1857) 1797 – Saint Innocent of Alaska, Russian Orthodox missionary priest, then the first Orthodox bishop and archbishop in the Americas, and finally the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia (died 1879) 1819 – Albert, Prince Consort of the United Kingdom (died 1861) 1824 – Martha Darley Mutrie, British painter (died 1885) 1842 – Heinrich Quincke, German internist and surgeon (introduced lumbar puncture) (died 1922) 1854 – Arnold Fothergill, English cricketer (died 1932) 1856 – Clara Schønfeld, Danish actress (died 1939) 1862 – Herbert Booth, Canadian songwriter and bandleader (died 1926) 1865 – Arthur James Arnot, Scottish-Australian engineer, designed the Spencer Street Power Station (died 1946) 1873 – Lee de Forest, American engineer and academic, invented the Audion tube (died 1961) 1874 – Zona Gale, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (died 1938) 1875 – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, Scottish-Canadian historian and politician, 15th Governor General of Canada (died 1940) 1880 – Guillaume Apollinaire, Italian-French author, poet, playwright, and critic (died 1918) 1882 – James Franck, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1964) 1882 – Sam Hardy, English footballer (died 1966) 1885 – Jules Romains, French author and poet (died 1972) 1888 – Gustavo R. Vincenti, Maltese architect and developer (died 1974) 1891 – Acharya Chatursen Shastri, Indian author and playwright (died 1960) 1894 – Sparky Adams, American baseball player and farmer (died 1989) 1896 – Ivan Mihailov, Bulgarian soldier and politician (died 1990) 1897 – Yun Posun, South Korean activist and politician, 2nd President of South Korea (died 1990) 1898 – Peggy Guggenheim, American-Italian art collector and philanthropist (died 1979) 1900 – Margaret Utinsky, American nurse, recipient of the Medal of Freedom (died 1970) 1900 – Hellmuth Walter, German-American engineer and businessman (died 1980)
1901–present 1901 – Eleanor Dark, Australian author and poet (died 1985) 1901 – Hans Kammler, German SS officer and engineer (died 1945) 1901 – Jimmy Rushing, American singer and bandleader (died 1972) 1901 – Maxwell D. Taylor, American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Vietnam (died 1987) 1901 – Chen Yi, Chinese general and politician, 2nd Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China (died 1972) 1903 – Caroline Pafford Miller, American author (died 1992) 1904 – Christopher Isherwood, English-American author and academic (died 1986) 1904 – Joe Hulme, English footballer and cricketer (died 1991) 1905 – Helen Sharsmith, American biologist and educator (died 1982) 1906 – Bunny Austin, English tennis player (died 2000) 1906 – Albert Sabin, Polish-American physician and virologist, developed the polio vaccine (died 1993) 1908 – Walter Bruno Henning, Prussian-American linguist and scholar (died 1967) 1908 – Aubrey Schenck, American screenwriter and producer (died 1999) 1909 – Eric Davies, South African cricketer and educator (died 1976) 1909 – Jim Davis, American actor (died 1981) 1909 – Gene Moore, American baseball player (died 1978) 1910 – Mother Teresa, Albanian-Indian nun, missionary, Catholic saint, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 1997) 1911 – Otto Binder, American author and screenwriter (died 1974) 1912 – John Tinniswood, British supercentenarian (died 2024)